B. Performance appraisals measure traits, behaviours, or results.
Trait-based performance appraisals include the employees characteristics, what an employee is, such as dependability, creativity, leadership, and initiative. Trait- focused performance appraisals include graphic rating scale or forced-choice method. While these methods are fairly inexpensive to implement they are prone to rater errors such as halo error, leniency error, or central tendency.
Behavior-based performance appraisals include what the employee does and should do different; in other words, specific actions exhibited by the employee on the job. Behavior methods include: critical incident and behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS).
Results-based performance appraisals focus on the employees accomplishments. Quantitative data such as: sales, production numbers, and errors, can be used. Common methods for performing results-based appraisals include: productivity measures and management by objectives (MBO)
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